Nigeria America: Naira Versus Dollar pathology in Retrospect

About 37 years ago, co-incidentally my birth year; Nigeria's economic situation was not competitive with American Dollar but with that of United Kingdom's Pound sterling buying it at N2 to a £ 1. Nigeria is a country blessed and also bedeviled by myriads of hydra-headed problems. Back in the days, when 65k was exchanged for a dollar, there was no such thing as brain-drain, human trafficking and what have you. Back in those days, do you know that the government of U.A.E. Came to Nigeria seeking for loan from Nigeria? I don't need to write about Malaysia arrival to Nigeria, consulted some of our best brains and even exported our own brand of palm trees from the nursery to heighten their agricultural sector. Today I don't need to tell you how strong that cheaper is today. Thousands of our children troop to their embassy to either go for studies or company pursuits for greener pastures. In the cause of doing that we've lost some due to unnatural causes. Nigeria, a nation destined for greatness is still crawling on her fours. I'll tell you why later. Where was America in the early 70s on the lips of wee kids? We didn't know about America, we only knew so much of London, England and Uk as registers for accomplishments and destinations for young dreamers. Why? Because our cheaper was stable. So carport that we needed no application for Visa to go somewhere like America to be ill-treated to the extent of being deported or questioned on the ideas of government we are practicing today. In 1980, two years into the 2nd republic under President Shehu Shagari, Nigeria's naira enjoyed the peak of her glory pegged at 55k in change for a dollar.

Since that time, like the proverbial one-legged man who, out of the praise and applause accorded him for an excellent dance performance threw away the stick that supported him in the dance. Upon throwing away the stick, consequently he also lost the dance. Nigeria got so excited with a successful second republic, she threw away the stick of prudence, the stick of the fear of God ( a base phrase of the late Sir Ahmadu Bello, Sardauna of Sokoto, "Basu da tsoron Allah?") Our leadership also threw away the stick of Accountability. From that moment, the naira got a dent. Which led to the Buhari-Idiagbon coup with the then Brigadier Sani Abacha, while announcing the coup emphasized the Squander-maniac state of the toppled or ousted leadership of the 2nd Republic. In 1981 61k exchanged for a dollar. 6k increment in the purchasing power of the currency to buy a dollar. In 1982 67k bought a dollar. In 1983 the naira fell again buying the dollar at 72 kobo. On the re-entry of the military, reasoning the country has come to roost. In 1984 about 76kobo exchanged for the dollar. In 1986 the naira nose-dived to N2.02kobo exchanging for a dollar. For this, Ibb (General Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida, first troops president in Nigeria) gave four reasons for that I think:

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1. A decrease of our domestic output continues to increase.

2. Dependence on import for both buyer goods and raw materials for our industries.

3. A grossly unequal gap between the rich and the poor.

4. The large role played by the communal sector in economic performance with hardly any concrete results to expound such a role.

Me thinks to this day we are still trying to confront these four "Ibb Realities." But when he stepped-aside, he left the naira down begging to rise at N22.33kobo in 1993, no thanks to him and his economic advisers. Could it be the intuit he wants to return? To still confront his Four Ibb Realities. In 1994 Abacha raised it to N21.89kobo sustained it at N21.89kobo until he died; thanks to Prof. Aluko his economic adviser,(not for Abacha's death but for contributing immensely to the economy.) For five good years the naira was stubbornly pegged at N21.89kobo with all the sanctions and bans on Nigeria left right and center; yet, the naira survived it at N21.89kobo Gen. Abdulsalam left it to Gen. Obasanjo at a crazy shot of N85.98kobo. At the end of Obj's 1st tenure the naira had reached and roamed between N127-130 Naira in change for a dollar. With all the astounding travels and monies spent on Esther's Coat, oh I mean on estacode yet the naira soared high not like an eagle but against all winning formulas that will make it strong. Upon his second entry the naira suffered another blow, exchanging for the dollar between N132-136. But in 2005 the government gave the naira a wee lift between N128.50kobo-131.80kobo. Quoting Ibb in August 27th 1985 "Events today indicate that most of the reasons which justified the troops takeover of government from the civilians still persist." I too after 25 years of that speech can see that the problems still persist. The almighty Legislative Houses (Both Upper and Lower) needs to go ask Prof. Aluko, what magic did he do to peg the naira @ N21.89kobo for five good years consecutively.

You may want to ask, why ask Aluko? Because he was Abacha's economic adviser. Don't you think he'll do better in a democracy given the occasion better than he did under pressure? I can't talk my examine for the reader. You have your own say. It's in the constitution. Today you and I know that the naira is floating between N150-155. Nobody could stay it like Aluko. Probably I'm giving him too much praise here but then tell me what others did because I don't know. No I mean I just don't know. No man, they say has the monopoly of knowledge. The man who couldn't tour out (Abacha) pegged the naira at N21.89 and those who dined and wined with kings and Queens and paid courtesy visits over the globe(Globe-Trotting everywhere) estacoded, shook hands with very successful and excellent leaders colse to the world, came back the same and left the office, I mean the naira worst than they met it. Before Aluko will go to the great beyond and maybe meet his boss and tell him that " they can't stay the naira, not even for 'four years'" I'm not eulogizing the late troops and near-despotic style of Abacha, I'm observing the honest and humble recognition of Prof. Aluko's capacity to deliver by his late Boss. If you let this man die, I think both of them will go throw a party and tell the world of the dead that "the living can't stay the naira yet we did it for five good years." A word is sufficient for the wise.

Apostle Dr. Genesis A. Dawuda writes from Centre For World Rebirth, Jos Plateau State, Nigeria Website: http://www.drgenesis.com. Email: info@drgenesis.com or centreforworldrebirth@yahoo.com Phone: +2348028063695 | +2347027001527

Nigeria America: Naira Versus Dollar pathology in Retrospect

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Networking Versus Network Marketing

What's the dissimilarity between networking and network marketing?

Years ago when I first started in network marketing, I read a book by a lady from Malaysia who left corporate office to join the multi-level marketing industry. And I all the time remember what she wrote, though this may not be in her the exact words:

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- Did you work hard enough?

- Did you network hard enough?

- Did you think hard enough?

What Is The Meaning Of 'Network Marketer'?

I understanding what she wrote was rather profound and in fact, I often ponder over the meaning of 'network marketer' which is made up of two root words: networking and marketing.

Today, let's discuss the first root word: 'networking' which is totally dissimilar from network marketing. What's the difference? More on this later.

I came across many network marketers who do not network due to a lack of knowledge of business networking which can be defined as a group of people having some kind of market relationship such as the relationships between boss and employee, buyer and supplier, and colleague and colleague.

Networking experts say that business networking functions best when individuals offer to help others to find connections, rather than just "cold-calling" on prospects.

On the other hand, network marketing in a nutshell refers to the 'word-of-mouth' formula of marketing products and services through a network of customers or distributors.

If you're wondering: What has networking got to do with network marketing?

My rejoinder is: A lot.

That's because each of us has only a puny number of contacts in our warm shop which consists of our extended family, relatives, friends, neighbors, ex-classmates and ex-schoolmates, business company and contacts and colleagues.

So, what can we do when we run out of prospects?

The short rejoinder is: Go and network consistently!

Then the next query is: How to network? For more information, check out the author's resource box below.

Networking Versus Network Marketing

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How a Latex Foam Pillow Can turn Your Well Being With better Sleep

When it comes to a good night's rest, it is not all the time just your mattress which is important, it is a mixture of factors that play a large role in how much rest and the level of rejuvenation one gets with a comfortable sleep. A latex foam pillow will allow you to get that needed rest, every time you use it. It is very leading to be able to accomplish this, as it aids us in our busy lifestyles. There is no doubt about it, a lack of good sleep can make us sick.

Latex comes in two forms namely; natural fibers or artificial fibers. You will find natural latex on rubber trees that grow in Malaysia, Indonesia and also in Africa and South America. Once processed, the sap is turned into a foamy substance which lends great elasticity in a myriad of applications, to name just two; foam mattresses and of procedure foam pillows.

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On the other hand, a artificial latex which consists of styrene and butadiene, will also produce just as strong material as the natural rubber grown on a tree. This is good news of those who are concerned about the environment. For once a nothing else but good substitute can be used without compromising on relieve or even price. So it would boil down to one's personal preference whether to use the natural or artificial pillow.

Having said that, let's discuss some of the great benefits in sleeping on a latex pillow. For starters, it gives us relief from allergies caused by dust mites, it allows us to breath better into the pillow and it lasts much longer than the standard foam pillow.

When it comes to posture, a well manufactured pillow will help to alleviate stiff necks as well as shoulder strains. Headaches will also come to be less the more your body get's used to the new contour of your pillow. It will take a few nights of adjustment, because your neck is not used to the latex's softness and sturdiness, so persevere, it only takes 2 to 3 nights.

Another great benefit is that it enables us to regulate our head temperature better while the summer months as the latex will stay cool while you lay your head on it, which prevents inordinate head sweating. In winter the latex will keep warm without you having to permanently move your head to reserve warmth. Maintaining a core temperature throughout the night, will help us to get a good night's rest and wake up feeling refreshed.

Of procedure they are a bit more high-priced than your median pillow, because they are made to last a long time. This is cost-effective in the long run as you do not have to permanently buy new pillows because you cannot get a comfortable night's rest.

You can find a latex foam pillow where they sell mattresses, online retailers or specialty stores. Look for the label which says genuine latex and it's also a good idea to nothing else but test a pillow while you are in the store. You might prefer the solid piece latex or the shredded pieces, so first give it a try before you buy.

How a Latex Foam Pillow Can turn Your Well Being With better Sleep

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Technical Vs fundamental Trading In Crude Palm Oil (Cpo) Futures

If you are a novice trader in Cpo futures trading, fundamentals data and news will always be very hard to get on time or we can just say that you won't have the first hand information, so to say. Therefore, back up yourself with safe bet technical skill on how to read technical indicators like 20ma, Rsi, stochastic before you start trading will be a good choice.

Then, how to ensue in Cpo Futures trading?

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Do not ever ensue broker's advice or other trader you know to trade because you may not have the same emotion or science of mind on discipline that they have, which can be a disaster that you yourself cannot take it.

Cpo Fundamentals data that always watched by majority traders have been settled in my blog for you to refer and I think it is a good place to start as a beginner. Fundamentals data allows you to digest how will be the impact of those data can sway the trend of cpo futures in Bursa Malaysia Derivatives and how are the major players plan their next trading strategies after those data being released. The data like palm oil export figures released by those two well known palm oil cargo surveyors will be the most closely watched by all palm oil traders. The data consistently being released on five exact dates and times every month. Another foremost frame being released is the government division official figures out in every middle of month about question and contribute of palm oil related products.

Cpo Technical trading will be regarded as the most trading tools being used by majority crude palm oil futures traders; therefore, as a novice trader, you should build your base with technical trading first which it indirectly helps you build up your trading discipline. Buy some good technical books about cpo futures trading and start following the formula of the trading signal given by those indicators which help build your own trading rhythm in future. Don't be shy asking if you want to ensue in Cpo Futures trading.

Technical Vs fundamental Trading In Crude Palm Oil (Cpo) Futures

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Capital Budgeting in the Healthcare commerce

Over the past few months, the proposed healthcare reform has been the branch of much seminar and the healthcare commerce has come under intense scrutiny as a corollary of the administration's efforts to curtail the increasing cost of healthcare. As an offshoot of the increasing cost of healthcare now more than ever hospitals have been settled in a situation whereby capital budgeting has become a indispensable tool; Not only for sustenance but mostly for survival. Absence of a sound capital budgeting course might potentially spell disaster for hospitals because an increase in cost accompanied by a decrease in income negatively impacts the lowest line and when funds are limited, it is indispensable to have a game plan of how the funds are to be used otherwise the hospital might find itself in a precarious situation.

Capital budgeting refers to the determination of speculation alternatives tantalizing cash flows received or paid over a sure period of time. More often than not, the best alternative is commonly the one that yields the most cash flow over time. This point can be disputed because other hospitals might place much emphasis on non-monetary results. In such cases, the best alternative is commonly the one that comes as close as possible to compliance results that catapults the hospital closer to its objectives. Capital budgeting is a involved process in the sense that great care has to be taken in the selection process and competitive soldiery makes it the more challenging. Where there is competition, the possibility of politics being a factor is heightened and politics often times has its drawbacks especially when the voice of the minority is drowned out by the majority or the louder voice.

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In order to great understand how capital budgeting works in the healthcare industry, we'll recognize three dissimilar scenarios that do play out every once in a while in most hospitals throughout the country. For instance, Human Resources propose a day care installation for employees with children. Justification being: turnover rate of employees will be minimized and more nurses will potentially be attracted to the hospital because of the day care services offered. Turnover is costly to the hospital. Therefore, even though the task does not increase revenue, the task will get to benefit the hospital straight through reduced costs.

The second scenario is the Imaging Services division proposes the purchase of an added Ct scanner to ease the bottleneck and the backlog of work in the department. purchase of a scanner is quite costly and therefore, if the present one is functional is there a need for a second one? One might argue that the high ask for usage creates tension in the middle of employees, wear and tear of the motor increases maintenance costs, overtime pay for the technicians' increases overhead costs and the hospital is left vulnerable in the event that the current scanner seizes to function. These are all valid considerations. However, one wonders; does the total benefit exceed the total cost?

The last scenario is a group of doctors working for the hospital propose the purchase of a extra motor that eliminates the need for in house hospitalization of patients. With the new motor comes the benefit of reduced hospitalization. With reduced hospitalization of patients, the hospital might be great settled to sacrifice variable costs connected with the use of the facilities and protection might be enhanced because the possibility of the hospital exceeding capacity will be greatly reduced by having fewer patients in the facilities. The only drawback is the massive costs involved. The motor requires a large capital outlay upfront. Therefore, in as much as the purchase sounds good, the other alternatives sound equally as good if not better.

Faced with the three alternatives, a financial owner in the healthcare commerce should rule the occasion cost of capital. occasion cost of capital works on the basal law of finance that states that a dollar today is not the same as a dollar tomorrow. Therefore, when analyzing the three alternatives, the time value of money should not be ignored because one might come to a wrong end if one doesn't consider the time value of money in the analysis. Future cash flows are discounted to the present value using a stated interest rate. Once the present value of all the alternatives is established, then the alternative that yields the top present value is determined to be the best option. This method of determination is known as the discounted cash flow method and from a personal standpoint; this method should be used widely in the healthcare commerce because it is guided by the important law of finance stated above. I retort the fact that each hospital is unique and estimating the Future cash flow is difficult in other instances. In this case, other methods should be considered. However, discounted cash flow method though imperfect at times should be given first priority if all else is clear and all the variables are known.

Capital Budgeting in the Healthcare commerce

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New America: Does Interracial Couples Mean best Race Relations?

Throughout history interracial dating has all the time been a taboo subject. Even until this day population who select to date surface their race are met with unfavorable reactions. But with that said, the last integrate of generations have seem to put race to the side.

These generations have friends of separate races, have similar interests and are use to being nearby a diverse setting. This is very separate from their parents and grandparents generation that lived in a separate racial climate and had a much separate view on race. Some of the attitude turn is a direct supervene of the diversity of races and the influx of immigrants in this country.

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Over 70% of population have no question with mixed race relations and over 40% have dated surface their race. So why hasn't this reverberated in the grand project of things. A lot of it has to do with the stereotypes and attitudes that still exist. There are still many population who wish to hold onto primary views about race. Also, the fact that race has become so controversial to discuss nowadays lends itself to an inability to added race relations.

As we can see with comments being made by social officials, celebrities and other known figures shows us that race is still one of our top issues in this country. Our teens and young adults may see race differently but the principles of racism still is very much alive. Until our young population can rejoinder this fact and get involved in the ever evolving consulation of race we will continue to see negative attitudes as a whole nation.

New America: Does Interracial Couples Mean best Race Relations?

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How To Finance An Apartment buy In Malaysia

If there was a contest to resolve the most popular business in Malaysia, mortgage lending could de facto compete. Just about any custom with cash i.e. Banks, or way to person else's cash i.e. Guarnatee companies, wants to be in the residential lending game. It is a fact one can de facto confirm with a quick discern at the local newspapers. You will see pages after pages of mortgage lending offers.

There are many lenders in the market, and the first time apartment buyer should talk to as many habitancy as possible. The speculate for this is to find the best mortgage lending offers available. In supplementary to the newspaper, good mortgage lending offers can also be found in the yellow pages, real estate directory and by request real estate lawyers, real estate brokers and agents, and habitancy who have bought apartments recently.

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For many years the best known mortgage lenders were Malaysian local banks such as Maybank, social Bank and Hong Leong Bank. In the modern years, the Guarnatee clubs have jumped on the mortgage lending business bandwagon. Even tough the Guarnatee clubs are not primarily in the mortgage business, they have managed to packaged mortgage plan bundled with their Guarnatee product. In some cases, first time apartment buyers can gain way to Guarnatee funds only straight through mortgage bankers and mortgage brokers.

Mortgage bankers are individual and organizations who loan their own funds and the funds of others to real estate purchasers. Once a mortgage is made, the mortgage banker typically sells the loan to an investor. A mortgage broker, unlike a mortgage banker, does not have capital to lend but instead loans money that belongs to others. He makes his money on fees, charges and points. In addition, a mortgage broker may also service loans.

Just like in any country, to finance an apartment purchase in Malaysia can be a daunting task. A typical mortgage payment term for the median Malaysian is from 15 to 30 years. The best thing for a new apartment purchaser to do is to get guidance from the right habitancy before signing on the dotted line of a mortgage agreement.

How To Finance An Apartment buy In Malaysia

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